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Turkoman
Turkoman rugs are produced by nomadic weavers of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,
Afghanistan and the province of Khorassan in northeast Iran. Turkoman rugs are easily
distinguished by their three characteristics of a dominant red to red-brown background
color, geometric pattern, and a unique octagonal motif known as gul, which has several
versions. The layout is generally all-over and guls are repeated in rows with usually smaller
guls of similar, but not exact, geometric design (minor guls) in between the rows of major
guls. White, beige, black and blue are used to create color contrast in the motifs and the
border of the rug.
Gul is the Persian name for flower. However, some rug scholars argue that the Turkoman
gul has originated from an ancient Turkish word meaning family or tribe, and historically
each tribe had its own symbolic version of gul. However, as the result of battles between
the tribes, the symbolic gul of defeated tribes were used by their conquerors. Therefore,
overtime, different tribes began using each other's distinct guls in their weaving. Still, some
guls could be associated with certain tribes.
Another common but less frequent design is the hatchli (hatchlu) design seen in the
Turkoman ensi rugs. Ensi rugs were originally used to cover the entrances of Turkoman
tents. The hatchli design is frequently seen in village, workshop and tribal rugs of
Afghanistan. In this design, a large cross divides the background into four equal parts. All
quadrants have identical motifs. One frequent motif within the quadrants is a shape similar to
a menorah (candleholder with several holders).
Turkoman rugs are produced by nomadic weavers of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,
Afghanistan and the province of Khorassan in northeast Iran. Turkoman rugs are easily
distinguished by their three characteristics of a dominant red to red-brown background
color, geometric pattern, and a unique octagonal motif known as gul, which has several
versions. The layout is generally all-over and guls are repeated in rows with usually smaller
guls of similar, but not exact, geometric design (minor guls) in between the rows of major
guls. White, beige, black and blue are used to create color contrast in the motifs and the
border of the rug.
Gul is the Persian name for flower. However, some rug scholars argue that the Turkoman
gul has originated from an ancient Turkish word meaning family or tribe, and historically
each tribe had its own symbolic version of gul. However, as the result of battles between
the tribes, the symbolic gul of defeated tribes were used by their conquerors. Therefore,
overtime, different tribes began using each other's distinct guls in their weaving. Still, some
guls could be associated with certain tribes.
Another common but less frequent design is the hatchli (hatchlu) design seen in the
Turkoman ensi rugs. Ensi rugs were originally used to cover the entrances of Turkoman
tents. The hatchli design is frequently seen in village, workshop and tribal rugs of
Afghanistan. In this design, a large cross divides the background into four equal parts. All
quadrants have identical motifs. One frequent motif within the quadrants is a shape similar to
a menorah (candleholder with several holders).
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